混沌遗传组合算法在复杂曲面零件加工定位中的应用

针对复杂曲面零件加工时难以精确定位的问题,利用数控机床对毛坯测量,然后将测量值和CAD模型理论值进行匹配计算,从而将标准零件模型嵌入到毛坯中,实现工件的定位.对于求解转换矩阵这一非线性问题,设计了混沌遗传组合算法,该算法可有效减小遗传算法陷入早熟的概率,有助于搜索到全局最优解.最后通过试验证明该算法可实现对转换矩阵的求解,将理论模型嵌入到零件毛坯中,使加工余量得到优化.     

圆截面U形管流有限元模拟

弯曲圆管内流动具有很强的工业应用背景,管内二次涡的大小、位置及发生的频率会对流动系统的阻力及热质交换产生重大作用,研究弯曲圆管内的流动具有重要的理论意义.本文应用湍流大涡模拟方法对弯道流动进行了数值模拟.用时间推进法,给出了隐含流线迎风耗散作用的二阶完全展开Taylor-Galerkin有限元离散格式,数值计算的结果与实验结果符合较好.表明大涡模拟方法适用于边界形状复杂,存在各向异性的大尺度涡的流动仿真.     

基于临界面法的燕尾榫连接结构微动疲劳寿命预测

以航空发动机叶片/轮盘之间的燕尾榫连接结构为研究对象,分析了燕尾榫连接结构接触应力与应变的变化.根据多轴疲劳临界损伤平面原理,在燕尾榫连接结构的微动疲劳寿命预测研究中引入多轴临界平面法的疲劳损伤参数CCB (Chu-Conle-Bonnen),FS (Fatemi-Socie),MSSR (modified shear stress rang)和SWT (Smith-Watson-Topper).将预测寿命与试验寿命进行对比,结果表明:在预测微动疲劳寿命时,4个参数中寿命预测的最大误差为23%,可较好地预测低周微动疲劳寿命.其中基于临界平面法的SWT参数预测误差最小,为1.23%;4个参数均预测裂纹萌生位置在接触区末端,与试验结果一致.在预测裂纹萌生角度上,FS,MSSR,SWT参数预测结果与试验较一致,CCB参数预测结果与试验结果相差较大.说明基于临界平面法的寿命预测模型具有较好的预测能力.      

Sweetpotato vine management for confined food production in a space life-support system

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) ‘Whatley–Loretan’ was developed for space life support by researchers at Tuskegee University for its highly productive, nutritious storage roots. This promising candidate space life-support crop has a sprawling habit and aggressive growth rate in favorable environments that demands substantial growing area. Shoot pruning is not a viable option for vine control because removal of the main shoot apex drastically inhibits storage-root initiation and development, and chemical growth retardants typically are not cleared for use with food crops. As part of a large effort by the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Advanced Life Support to reduce equivalent system mass (ESM) for food production in space, the dilemma of vine management for sweetpotato was addressed in effort to conserve growth area without compromising root yield. Root yields from unbranched vines trained spirally around wire frames configured either in the shapes of cones or cylinders were similar to those from vines trained horizontally along the bench, but occupying only a small fraction of the bench area. This finding indicates that sweetpotato is highly adaptable to a variety of vine-training architectures. Planting a second plant in the growth container and training the two vines in opposite directions around frames enhanced root yield and number, but had little effect on average length of each vine or bench area occupied. Once again, root yields were similar for both configurations of wire support frames. The 3–4-month crop-production cycles for sweetpotato in the greenhouse spanned all seasons of multiple years during the course of the study, and although electric lighting was used for photoperiod control and to supplement photosynthetic light during low-light seasons, there still were differences in total light available across seasons. Light variations and other environmental differences among experiments in the greenhouse had more effects on vine length than on root yield. Average vine length correlated positively with total hours of daylight received across seasons, and responses for one plant per container were higher above a threshold duration of solar exposure, suggesting that the vines of two plants per container compete for available light. In addition to the adaptability of sweetpotato to various vine-training architectures and across seasons in terms of maintaining root productivity, the open, interior volumes of the support frames tested in this study will provide future opportunity to enhance sweetpotato root yield in space by adding novel interior lighting, such as from intracanopy arrays of light-emitting diodes. This work was sponsored by NASA grant NAG 5 1286.     

橡皮液压成形工艺的可靠性稳健优化设计方法

针对当前橡皮液压成形工艺过程中材料特性、工艺参数和其他随机因素都存在的固有波动问题,面向飞机精准制造,提出了一种考虑不确定性的可靠性稳健优化设计方法.该方法基于稳健优化设计和合理的可靠性约束,对比了可靠性稳健优化解和传统优化解相关度量指标,并对2B06-O态铝合金板材橡皮成形典型的曲弯边零件进行了工艺试验验证.结果表明该方法可有效降低质量评价指标对不确定性因素的敏感度,提高了橡皮成形工艺的稳健性和可靠性.     

用变形模型整体构造B样条曲面方法研究

传统的造型方法都是基于纯粹的几何模型,通过几何上的型值点或边界曲线定义曲线或曲面,难于进行交互修改.基于物理模型的变形曲线、曲面造型方法将参数化几何描述方法与力学原理结合起来,使曲线曲面变形形态在一定程度上与弹性梁和薄壳相似.设计者可以通过施加于变形曲线曲面上的力或约束,或改变曲线曲面本身刚度来改变其局部或整体形状,克服了局部控制与总体光顺的矛盾.该造型方法已在光顺、N边域构造以及曲面的光滑拼接和过渡面构造等领域得到应用.      

燕尾榫联接结构微动疲劳裂纹的检测技术

自行研制了燕尾榫联接结构微动疲劳裂纹检测系统,利用应变片感知将要产生疲劳裂纹处周围的应变变化,把该应变信号经过A/D转换后送到PC机进行实时分析。该系统能比较准确捕获到疲劳裂纹出现的时间,有效地观测到疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展过程。微动疲劳试验结果表明该方法简单实用、检测准确、效果明显,解决了疲劳裂纹观测难、捕获裂纹时刻延迟、工作强度大等问题。      

涡轮低压导向器优化前后气动性能对比实验研究

采用实验方法对某型弹用涡扇发动机涡轮低压导向器原型和改型进行了详细的低速风洞实验。改型在原型基础上增加了多种优化措施。针对低压导向器进口前的中间机匣过渡段具有较大子午扩张角的结构特点,改型采用了等速度梯度过渡曲线来改善机匣段的扩压流动。为了减少导向器叶栅内能量损失的增长,改型采用了正弯叶片、后部加载叶型以及其它综合措施。实验结果表明,改型低压导向器的气动性能显著提高,出口总压损失比原型相对减少14.7%,出口气流角沿叶高分布较原型均匀。几种减少损失的方法得到了合理的匹配。      

某汽轮机弯曲叶片级的改型计算及流动分析

在四种不同弯曲静叶方案下利用CFD流场计算软件NUMECA对某汽轮机弯曲叶片级的内部三维流场进行了数值模拟。根据数值研究结果分析了不同弯静叶方案下级内流动特性、气流参数的变化,给出了四种静叶方案的级效率。研究表明本文采用的弯导叶方案没有提高级效率。本文最后分析了叶片弯曲对静叶栅内马蹄涡位置与流动结构的影响。      

基于递推平方根法的神经网络模型辨识

提出一种基于递推平方根法的神经网络模型辨识方法,对Davidon最小二乘法和阻尼最小二乘法进行了改进,既保持了二者简单易行、收敛性的优点,又能提高精度,减少计算量,适合于应用在非线性系统的辨识和自适应控制中。与常规的Davidon最小二乘法和阻尼最小二乘法进行仿真比较,体现出了这种方法的有效性,尤其是在输入及隐含节点个数较多的情况,其优点比较明显。